SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_keywords, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.search_words, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.promo_text, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.unit_name 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    10024, 10026, 10027, 10028, 10029, 10030, 
    10031, 10032, 10033, 10034, 10035, 
    10036, 10037, 10038, 10039, 10040
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00054

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (10024,10026,10027,10028,10029,10030,10031,10032,10033,10034,10035,10036,10037,10038,10039,10040) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}