SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    10744, 10745, 10746, 10739, 10740, 10741, 
    10742, 10734, 10735, 10736, 10737, 
    10738, 10688, 10727, 10728, 10729
  )

Query time 0.00058

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 16,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (10744,10745,10746,10739,10740,10741,10742,10734,10735,10736,10737,10738,10688,10727,10728,10729)"
    }
  }
}