SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    10705, 10706, 10707, 10708, 10709, 10710, 
    10711, 10712, 10668, 10669, 10670, 
    10671, 10672, 10673, 10674, 10675, 
    10676, 10677, 10678, 10679, 10680, 
    10681, 10682, 10683, 10684, 10685, 
    10686, 10725, 10724, 10701, 10699, 
    10698, 10696, 10695, 10693, 10692, 
    15958, 15957, 15956, 12600, 12602, 
    12604, 12606, 12608, 12603, 12615, 
    12597, 12609, 12610, 12607, 12596, 
    12611, 12613, 12612, 12605, 12601, 
    12616, 12599, 10666, 10664, 10663, 
    10661, 10659, 10658
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00105

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
      "key": "pt",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 92,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (10705,10706,10707,10708,10709,10710,10711,10712,10668,10669,10670,10671,10672,10673,10674,10675,10676,10677,10678,10679,10680,10681,10682,10683,10684,10685,10686,10725,10724,10701,10699,10698,10696,10695,10693,10692,15958,15957,15956,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608,12603,12615,12597,12609,12610,12607,12596,12611,12613,12612,12605,12601,12616,12599,10666,10664,10663,10661,10659,10658)"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
      "ref": ["noframes_angrybeaver.cscart_products_categories.category_id"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
    }
  }
}