SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    12672, 12671, 12994, 12993, 12992, 12991, 
    12990, 12989, 12988, 12987, 12986, 
    12985, 10343, 10345, 10346, 10347, 
    10348, 10349, 10323, 10350
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND (
    cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 
    OR cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0
  )

Query time 0.00046

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "210",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code",
        "company_id"
      ],
      "rows": 40,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (12672,12671,12994,12993,12992,12991,12990,12989,12988,12987,12986,12985,10343,10345,10346,10347,10348,10349,10323,10350) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' and (cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 or cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0)"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
10323 mechta-col-01 265/280/286/1648
10343 excellence-col-01 265/280/442/1646
10345 excellence-col-03 265/280/442/1646
10346 excellence-col-04 265/280/442/1646
10347 excellence-col-05 265/280/442/1646
10348 excellence-col-06 265/280/442/1646
10349 excellence-col-07 265/280/442/1646
10350 excellence-col-08 265/280/442/1646
12671 solo-col-01 265/280/442/784
12672 solo-col-02 265/280/442/784
12985 primo-col-01 265/280/283/1649
12986 primo-col-02 265/280/283/1649
12987 primo-col-03 265/280/283/1649
12988 primo-col-04 265/280/283/1649
12989 primo-col-05 265/280/283/1649
12990 primo-col-06 265/280/283/1649
12991 primo-col-07 265/280/283/1649
12992 primo-col-08 265/280/283/1649
12993 primo-col-09 265/280/283/1649
12994 primo-col-10 265/280/283/1649