SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    10780, 10779, 10778, 10777, 10776, 10775, 
    10774, 10773, 10772, 10771, 10770, 
    10769, 10768, 10767, 10766, 10765, 
    10764, 10763, 10762, 10761
  )

Query time 0.00045

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 20,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (10780,10779,10778,10777,10776,10775,10774,10773,10772,10771,10770,10769,10768,10767,10766,10765,10764,10763,10762,10761)"
    }
  }
}