SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    12672, 15779, 12673, 12674, 12675, 12676, 
    12677, 12678, 12679
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND (
    cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 
    OR cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0
  )

Query time 0.00038

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "210",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code",
        "company_id"
      ],
      "rows": 18,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (12672,15779,12673,12674,12675,12676,12677,12678,12679) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' and (cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 or cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0)"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
12672 solo-col-02 265/280/442/784
12673 solo-col-04 265/280/442/784
12674 solo-col-05 265/280/442/784
12675 solo-col-06 265/280/442/784
12676 solo-col-07 265/280/442/784
12677 solo-col-08 265/280/442/784
12678 solo-col-09 265/280/442/784
12679 solo-col-10 265/280/442/784
15779 solo-col-03 265/280/442/784