SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_keywords, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.meta_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.search_words, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.promo_text, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.unit_name 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    10370, 10372, 10374, 10377, 10378, 10379, 
    10380, 10381, 10371, 10373, 10375
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00052

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 11,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (10370,10372,10374,10377,10378,10379,10380,10381,10371,10373,10375) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'"
    }
  }
}