SELECT 
  cscart_promotions.*, 
  cscart_promotion_descriptions.name, 
  cscart_promotion_descriptions.detailed_description, 
  cscart_promotion_descriptions.short_description, 
  cscart_promotion_images.promotion_image_id 
FROM 
  cscart_promotions 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_promotion_descriptions ON cscart_promotion_descriptions.promotion_id = cscart_promotions.promotion_id 
  AND cscart_promotion_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_storefronts_promotions AS storefronts_promotions ON storefronts_promotions.promotion_id = cscart_promotions.promotion_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_promotion_images ON cscart_promotion_images.promotion_id = cscart_promotions.promotion_id 
  AND cscart_promotion_images.lang_code = 'ru' 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND status IN ('A') 
  AND (
    storefronts_promotions.storefront_id = 1 
    OR storefronts_promotions.storefront_id IS NULL
  ) 
  AND cscart_promotions.promotion_id NOT IN (25, 26, 27) 
ORDER BY 
  (
    IF(from_date > 1777816060, 1, 0) + IF(
      to_date 
      AND to_date < 1777816060, 
      2, 
      0
    )
  ) asc, 
  ABS(
    (
      IF(
        from_date > 1777816060, from_date, 
        to_date
      )/-1
    ) + 1777816060
  ) asc 
LIMIT 
  0, 12

Query time 0.00251

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "if(cscart_promotions.from_date > 1777816060,1,0) + if(cscart_promotions.to_date <> 0 and cscart_promotions.to_date < 1777816060,2,0), abs(if(cscart_promotions.from_date > 1777816060,cscart_promotions.from_date,cscart_promotions.to_date) / -1 + 1777816060)",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_promotions",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "rows": 10,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_promotions.`status` = 'A' and cscart_promotions.promotion_id not in (25,26,27)"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_promotion_descriptions",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["promotion_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": ["noframes_angrybeaver.cscart_promotions.promotion_id", "const"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_promotion_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru')"
        },
        "block-nl-join": {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "storefronts_promotions",
            "access_type": "index",
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "key_length": "8",
            "used_key_parts": ["storefront_id", "promotion_id"],
            "rows": 19,
            "filtered": 100,
            "using_index": true
          },
          "buffer_type": "flat",
          "buffer_size": "14Kb",
          "join_type": "BNL",
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(storefronts_promotions.storefront_id = 1 or storefronts_promotions.storefront_id is null) and trigcond(storefronts_promotions.promotion_id = cscart_promotions.promotion_id)"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_promotion_images",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["promo"],
          "key": "promo",
          "key_length": "10",
          "used_key_parts": ["promotion_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": ["noframes_angrybeaver.cscart_promotions.promotion_id", "const"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_promotion_images.promotion_id = cscart_promotions.promotion_id and cscart_promotion_images.lang_code = 'ru')"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}