SELECT 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id, 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.position, 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.color, 
  cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant 
FROM 
  cscart_product_feature_variants 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions ON cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id = cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant_id 
  AND cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id IN (
    1201, 5905, 1241, 1257, 5908, 5899, 1219, 
    1198, 1199, 1280, 5916
  ) 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.position ASC, 
  cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant ASC

Query time 0.00155

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_product_feature_variants.position, cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_feature_variants",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
          "rows": 11,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id in (1201,5905,1241,1257,5908,5899,1219,1198,1199,1280,5916)"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["variant_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": [
            "noframes_angrybeaver.cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id",
            "const"
          ],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru')"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

variant_id position color variant
1201 0 #ffffff Белый
1219 0 #5ab6d4 Голубой
5899 0 #e6e11f Желтый
1257 0 #964b00 Коричневый
5905 0 #ffffff Молочный
5908 0 #ffa500 Оранжевый
1280 0 #a4a4a3 Светло-серый
1198 1 #4f7942 Зеленый
1199 2 #003399 Синий
1241 7 #f3e5ab Бежевый
5916 10 #708090 Серый